1. Use the gender and smoke100 pivot table (contingency table) and conduct the test for independence. Are gender and having smoked at least 100 cigarettes independent? This test requires all expected values to be at least 1, are there any cells in the theoretical table that are zero? Are all the theoretical values at least 5? If so you can make a statement about the proportions as your authors do with the gender and promotion example at the end of Chapter 1. Answer these questions using sentences and include a statement about the decision to reject or not reject the null hypothesis of independence.