“Graduating is good for your health,” according to a headline in the Boston Globe (3 April 1998). The article noted “According to the Center for Disease Control, college graduates feel better emotionally and physically than do high school dropouts.” Do you think the headline is justified based on this statement?

A) Yes, as long as the data were from random samples of college graduates and high school dropouts.

B) Yes, because this must have been an observational study. As long as it was a welldesigned study, the headline is justified.

C) No, because the headline implies a cause and effect relationship, which is not justified based on an observational study.

D) No, because this study must have been an experiment and we can’t draw cause and effect conclusions from an experiment.

Please explain your reasoning.